PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE (VITAMIN B6) (peer-i-dox'een) Beesix, hexaBetalin, NesTrex Classifications: hormones and synthetic substitutes; vitamin Pregnancy Category: A (C if >RDA) |
25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg tablets; 100 mg/mL injection
Water-soluble complex of three closely related compounds with B6 activity. Considered essential to human nutrition, although a deficiency syndrome is not well defined. Converted in body to pyridoxal, a coenzyme that functions in protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism and in facilitating release of glycogen from liver and muscle. In protein metabolism, participates in many enzymatic transformations of amino acids and conversion of tryptophan to niacin and serotonin. Aids in energy transformation in brain and nerve cells, and is thought to stimulate heme production.
Evaluated by improvement of B6 deficiency manifestations: Nausea, vomiting, skin lesions resembling those of riboflavin and niacin deficiency (seborrhea-like lesions about eyes, nose, and mouth, glossitis, stomatitis), edema, CNS symptoms (depression, irritability, peripheral neuritis, convulsions), hypochromic microcytic anemia.
Prophylaxis and treatment of pyridoxine deficiency, as seen with inadequate dietary intake, drug-induced deficiency (e.g., isoniazid, oral contraceptives), and inborn errors of metabolism (vitamin B6dependent convulsions or anemia). Also to prevent chloramphenicol-induced optic neuritis, to treat acute toxicity caused by overdosage of cycloserine, hydralzine, isoniazid (INH); alcoholic polyneuritis; sideroblastic anemia associated with high serum iron concentration. Has been used for management of many other conditions ranging from nausea and vomiting in radiation sickness and pregnancy to suppression of postpartum lactation.
Safety of large doses in pregnancy [category A (C if >RDA)] or lactation is not established.
Dietary Deficiency Adult: PO/IM/IV 2.510 mg/d times 3 wk, then may reduce to 2.55 mg/d Child: PO 525 mg/d times 3 wk, then 1.52.5 mg/d Pyridoxine Deficiency Syndrome Adult: PO/IM/IV Initial dose up to 600 mg/d may be required; PO/IM/IV Maintenance Dose: Up to 50 mg/d Isoniazid-Induced Deficiency Adult: PO/IM/IV 100200 mg/d times 3 wk, then 25100 mg/d Child: PO 1050 mg/d times 3 wk, then 12 mg/kg/d Pyridoxine-Dependent Seizures Neonate/Infant: PO/IM/IV 50100 mg/d |
Intravenous PREPARE: Direct: Give undiluted. Continuous: May be added to most standard IV solutions. ADMINISTER: Direct: Give at a rate of 50 mg or fraction thereof over 60 seconds. Continuous: Give according to ordered rate for infusion. |
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